OVERVIEW: MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence) is a technical intelligence discipline that involves the detection, tracking, identification, or characterization of distinctive physical properties or signatures of targets. Unlike traditional imagery or signals intelligence, MASINT focuses on measurable data such as chemical composition, radiation, acoustic patterns, electromagnetic emissions, or material properties to reveal information about activities, capabilities, or technology.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: MASINT encompasses a broad set of sensors and analytical techniques designed to detect, identify, and track distinctive characteristics such as radar waveforms, acoustic patterns, chemical compositions, nuclear emissions, and thermal signatures. In the 1990s, MASINT systems matured with improved sensor fusion, data processing, and multi-spectral collection methods, enhancing battlefield and strategic intelligence. These systems support detection of concealed or camouflaged targets, missile launches, nuclear activities, and electronic emissions, playing a critical role in modern surveillance and threat assessment.

ROLE SUMMARY:
Category: Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) / Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)
Primary Use: Collection and analysis of unique target signatures across multiple domains
Function: Detecting and identifying physical and technical characteristics not captured by traditional IMINT or SIGINT
Platform: Airborne, space-based, naval, and ground sensors integrated with command and control systems
Sensor Types: Radar waveform analyzers, acoustic sensors, chemical/biological detectors, nuclear radiation sensors, thermal imagers

See Specific information under [Sensors/EW] section.

SOURCE:
U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency Reports
Federation of American Scientists (FAS) MASINT Overview